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22/09/2009 - 10 facts about violence prevention
1-Violence accounts for over 1.6 million deaths per year or 4 000 people per day. It is a significant public health, human rights and human development problem. 2-Self-directed and interpersonal violence account for more than 80% of violence-related deaths. Of those killed by violence, just over half die by their own hand, over 35% because of injuries inflicted by another person, and over 11% as a direct result of war or some other form of collective violence. 3-90% of deaths due to violence occur in low- and middle-income countries. For each single death due to violence, there are dozens of hospitalizations, hundreds of emergency department visits, and thousands of doctors' appointments. 4-Interpersonal and self-inflicted violence are heavy contributors to global death rates among men aged 15 to 44 years. For every young person killed by violence, an estimated 20-40 receive injuries that require hospital treatment. The ratio of suicide attempts to suicides among people under age 25 may reach as high as 100:1. 5-The health impact of violence is not limited to physical injury. Long-term effects can include depression, mental disorders, suicide attempts, chronic pain syndromes, unwanted pregnancy, HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections. Children who are victims of violence have a higher risk of alcohol and drug misuse, smoking, and high-risk sexual behaviour. 6-Violence is preventable and its impacts can be reduced. Proven and promising prevention strategies address underlying causes for individuals, families/close relationships, community, and society. Outcome evaluation research is needed to test these strategies in low- and middle-income countries. 7-Proven individual prevention strategies include pre-school enrichment programmes during early childhood (ages 3-5 years), life skills training and social development programmes for children aged 6 to 18 years and assisting high-risk adolescents and young adults to complete schooling and pursue courses of higher education and vocational training. 8-Proven family prevention strategies include providing training for parents on child development, non-violent discipline and problem-solving skills; promoting parental involvement in the lives of children and adolescents through programmes to develop home-school partnerships; and mentoring programmes to develop attachments between high risk youth and caring adults in order to build social skills and provide a sustained relationship. 9-Proven and promising community prevention strategies include increasing the availability and quality of childcare facilities, increasing the availability and quality of pre-school enrichment programmes and improving school settings, including teacher practices, school policies and security. 10-In society, strategies that are proven and promising include reducing alcohol availability and misuse through enactment and enforcement of liquor licensing laws, taxation and pricing; reducing access to lethal means, including firearms, sedatives and pesticides; and promoting gender equality through strategies such as supporting the economic empowerment of women.
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